La filosofía de X. Xubiri se ha enfentado con decisión a toda una serie de aporías que gravan el pensamiento occidental. El presente artículo presenta sintéticamente esas aporías y la respuesta que han encontrado en el realismo radical zubiriano: la identificación de razón y razón instrumental, la defilosofía con explicación de lo real, el dualismo inteligencia-sensibilidad, la tensión realismo-idealismo y los límites de la concepción del hombre como animal racional. En el artículo se halla presente de modo más o menos (...) explícito la principal y más reciente bibliografía sobre Zubiri. (shrink)

La presencia de Unamuno y Antonio Machado en la propuesta filosófica de María Zambrano invita a redefinir la filosofía primera como tarea que todo ser humano debería asumir para dar pleno cumplimiento a la llamada que, manifestándose en su interioridad, invita a hacerse cargo de la alteridad y, por eso, piedad y misericordia, a fundar adecuadamente caminos de diálogo en busca de esa verdad, que por no uniformar y sí pedir unidad, abre proyectos de verdadera comunidad: diferentes buscando fraternidad.

Introduction Currently, The nature and scope of Clinical Ethics Protocols in Madrid are not well understood.Objectives The main objective is to describe the features of ‘guideline/recommendation’ type CEPs that have been or are being developed by existing Clinical Ethics Committees in Madrid. Secondary objectives include characterisation of those CECs that have been the most prolific in reference to CEP creation and implementation and identification of any trends in future CEP development.Methods We collected CEPs produced and in process by CECs accredited (...) in the public hospitals in Madrid, Spain, from 1996 to 2008.Results CECs developed 30 CEPs, with 10 more in process. The most common topic is refusal of treatment . If CEPs addressing terminal illness, Do-Not-Resuscitate orders and advance directives are placed into a separate ‘ethical problems at the end of life’ category, this CEP subject emerges as the most common . There is a relationship between the age of the CEC and the development of CEPs . CECs now seem to be more likely to engage in CEP development.Conclusions The CECs in Madrid, Spain, have developed a significant number of CEPs and there is a trend towards continued development. The most frequent topics are ethical problems at the end of life and refusal of treatment by the patient. (shrink)

En este trabajo se define formamente el concepto de representacion en química utilizando homomorfismos desde estructuras algebraicas, que llamamos sistemas de tipo C, en otras estructuras especiales de símbolos muy relacionados con los que son habituales en la qímica experimental. Para la definicion de los sistemas de tipo C se ha seleccionado un conjunto minimo de relaciones y funciones, que son necesarias para expresar proposiciones significativas en química. Tambien se define un lenguaje formal de primer orden adecuado a los sistemas (...) de tipo C, que llamamos L. EI resultado principal que se demuestra es que toda representación que verifica las mismas sentencias de L que un sistema de tipo C, es necesariamente isomorfo a él. Se concluye por lo tanto que puede existir un problema linguístico subyacente en la aplicacion que de la mecaníca cuántica se hace en la química teórica.The concept of representation in chemistry bas been formallv defined by means of homomorphisms from algebraical structures, which we call type-C systems, to some special sets of symbols which can be related to the symbols ordinarily used in experimental chemistry. A minimum number of relations and functions, which would suffice to express significant propositions in chemistry, have been chosen to define type-C systems. A first order formal language L adequate to type-C systems has been defined. It has been shown that each representation that verifies the same sentences of L as a type-C system is necessarily isomorphic to it. It is concluded that a systematic study of the representation problem in chemistry is in order because a deep language problem underlies the application of quantum mechanies to chemical problems. (shrink)

Attention is biased towards threat-related stimuli. In three experiments, we investigated the mechanisms, processes, and time course of this processing bias. An emotional flanker task simultaneously presented affective or neutral pictures from the international affective picture system database either as central response-relevant stimuli or surrounding response-uninformative flankers. Participants’ response times to central stimuli was measured. The attentional bias was observed when stimuli were presented either for 1500 ms or 500 ms. The threat-related attentional bias held regardless of the stimuli competing (...) for attention even when presentation time was further reduced to 200 ms. The results indicate that automatic and controlled mechanisms may interact to modulate the orientation of attention to threat. The data presented here shed new light on the mechanisms, processes, and time course of this long investigated by still largely unknown processing bias. (shrink)

There is an increasing demand by society that university students demonstrate competitive skills to enable them to achieve greater success when entering the workplace. Creativity and life satisfaction correlate positively with academic performance, productivity, and excellence in the working environment. The presence of creativity and emotional intelligence in the curriculum and teaching methods in Spanish universities, however, is surprisingly lacking. Studies that examine gender differences in these variables provide conflicting results. The purpose of our research is to analyse the changes (...) produced in both creativity and life satisfaction in university students by a positive emotional and creative intervention and explore individual differences by gender. The methodology used was a quasi-experimental pre- test/post- test design with experimental/control groups. Three hundred university students from the Community of Madrid completed three exercises that evaluated creativity and life satisfaction. The results show significantly higher results in creativity and life satisfaction in women, who continued to achieve high results after the intervention. Finally, we discuss the need for emotional and creative education in universities and focus on the employability and the guarantee of equal opportunities through the development of these competencies. (shrink)

We focus on the literature about UBI and the experiments developed all around the world to test it in order to address how UBI implementation could affect entrepreneurship. Building on these findings and various strands of entrepreneurial theory, we develop a theoretical framework to explain how the implementation of UBI would dramatically change the environment of entrepreneurial activity, shaping entrepreneurial action at three levels: (i) the desirability of becoming an entrepreneur; (ii) the perceived feasibility of becoming an entrepreneur; (iii) the (...) propensity to act. Consequently, UBI implementation would arguably facilitate the decision to become an entrepreneur. The contribution of the paper is threefold. It firstly provides a theoretical framework that opens new directions for further research on the relationship between UBI and entrepreneurship. Secondly, it offers new insights for policy makers by shedding light on potential effects of UBI implementation. Finally, it raises further questions that remains unsolved related to the role of non-pecuniary motivations and financial constraints. (shrink)

The state of debates around the topic of `populism' has made clear the difficulties that exist to provide a coherent definition of the concept. There is much to be argued from historical, epistemological, comparative and sociological perspectives that may provide clarity to the uses of the term. As the world meets new scenarios of uncommon styles of doing politics and the themes of ideological polarization and social segregation take hold, the question about the value of `populism' as a theoretical tool (...) needs to be met with an affirmative stance that delineates its principal characteristics. The present text introduces the reader to four new perspectives that serve such a purpose and locates them among the relevant contemporary literature. (shrink)

Basándome en la explicación que hace Jean-Paul Sartre de la violencia, sostengo que no solo la mala fe es inevitable en la práctica, sino que una mala fe limitada es necesaria para la autenticidad. Aunque violar la libertad de otros es mala fe, es imposible no violar nunca la libertad de alguien. Además, y de manera fundamental, la estructura ontológica del para-sí implica que este solo puede ser auténtico en el modo de no ser auténtico. Tratar de evitar por completo (...) la mala fe es, en sí mismo, un acto de mala fe, porque es un intento de constituirse como esencialmente auténtico, pero el para-sí no tiene esencia preexistente. Sin embargo, al reconocer la total responsabilidad de uno por elegir la mala fe, se limita su alcance. Esta mala fe limitada es, de hecho, necesaria para la autenticidad, un proyecto vivido en situaciones concretas y no una ley moral categórica que prohíbe la mala fe. [This is a Spanish translation by Leandro Sánchez Marín of the article "The Authentic Person's Limited Bad Faith".]. (shrink)

La cuidosa obra de Alfred Schmidt sobre el concepto de naturaleza en Marx es ya muestra del marxismo crítico. Si el marxismo, como ha sido visto, es un discurso que ve a la naturaleza y a la sociedad como entidades guiadas exclusivamente por la razón instrumental; entonces el marxismo estaría por de..

The object of the essay is to examine what is basically mental in humans as compared to animals. Differences in respect of the concept of will and in respect of the concept of intellect are examined following ideas expressed by Anthony Kenny in The Metaphysics of Mind, and some criticisms are suggested. Accepting the thesis put forward by Edelman as well as by Damasio that a neurological self is necessary for the development of consciousness, a scientific reading is given to (...) Kant�s idea of the self as well as to that of Wittgenstein in the Tractatus. For the same reasons, Wittgenstein�s later rejection of the concept of self is criticized. (shrink)

This research focuses on examining the relationship between some attributes of assurance providers and the level of sustainability assurance. By using the propensity to issue negative conclusions in the assurance statement as an indicator of the level of assurance, we examine whether the brand name and industry specialisation of the practitioners have an impact on the assurance opinion issued. Using an international sample of 1233 firm-year observations over the period 2007–2014, the findings document the impact of the brand reputation and (...) industry specialisation of assurance providers on the level of assurance. The probability of detecting material errors and omissions in a sustainability report is higher if it is verified by a Big 4 auditing firm and by an industry expert as an assurance practitioner. The greater experience in providing audit services and the relevant skills and training provided by Big 4 firms, as well as the greater knowledge and experience of industry experts, increase the propensity to report more accurate opinions about a sustainability report. The findings are robust for alternative measures for the level of assurance and the industry specialisation. (shrink)

This paper aims to examine the credibility value of sustainability assurance and the type of assurance provider on cost of capital. A large sample of international companies from the period 2007–2014 was used to develop our models of analysis. We find a greater decrease in cost of capital for companies that publish and assure their social and environmental reports. Thus, voluntary sustainability disclosures decrease the cost of capital. However, companies also have the opportunity to reinforce this decrease by providing an (...) assurance statement, so increasing the credibility of corporate social responsibility information. In addition, the decrease in the cost of capital is significantly higher when such assurance is provided by a top-tier accountancy firm instead of by engineering or consultancy firms; this result supports also the reputational capital of accountancy firms. (shrink)

En este texto se estudia la lectura que Heidegger lleva a cabo en torno a la obra de Hölderlin tomando como eje la noción de “aporía”. Por ésta se comprende la imposibilidad de una respuesta o resolución con respecto a la cuestión del ser. Sin embargo, lejos de resultar paralizante, esta aporía leída y expresada a través de Hölderlin conduce a Heidegger a la afirmación de la experiencia de esa aporía, de su necesidad y de su dignidad cuestionante. De este (...) modo, se comprueba cómo Hölderlin aporta el aparato léxico y conceptual que Heidegger desplegará en los años siguientes en su camino del pensar. (shrink)

This study adopts moral reasoning strategies to investigate why consumers support companies involved in ethical transgressions. Drawing on several cases of real multinationals publicly involved in tax avoidance practices, it aims to demonstrate that moral rationalization and moral decoupling depend not only on how consumers perceive the magnitude of the transgression, but also on their individual differences, such as political ideology and brand identification. A quantitative study with a sample of 3989 consumers of five different focal brands was employed to (...) test a set of hypotheses. Findings reveal that moral decoupling directly explains purchase intentions. However, rationalization only explains behavioral intentions if it leads to a reduction in the perceived immorality of the action. Furthermore, the study reveals significant differences across personal values. Left-leaning individuals tend to rationalize less and decouple more when they perceive that the magnitude of the transgression as egregious. Interestingly, consumers who are highly identified with the brand are less affected by the transgression and tend to be more supportive toward the brand by engaging in rationalization mechanisms. (shrink)

The article studies the evolution of countercultural rock during the sixties through the circulation of ideas, cultural goods and people between Buenos Aires and New York. A set of trips by artists and intellectuals, and the creation of an original slang are considered the starting point to discusss how a part of youth took as their own the counter-cultural aesthetics, practices and ideology. This youth interpreted counter-cultural rock as a new specific urban and musical culture that would replace tango. Moreover, (...) this article examines the expectations that the countercultural rock aroused among different social actors interested by the juvenile question. It is argued that in an ideological context hegemonized by a nationalist and revolutionary sensitivity, the expansion of rock towards placed in tension opposite images of the United States that helped to nationalize the interpretation of rock culture. (shrink)

En este artículo se trata de hacer ver la conexión de la noción de formación con la de libertad en el primer romanticismo alemán, así como sus implicaciones en el plano del sujeto individual pero, sobre todo también, en el plano de la sociedad y de la política. En el primer sentido, se discute esta preocupación con la idea básica con la que se inaugura la modernidad, o sea, la idea de la libertad de los individuos como creadores de su (...) propia historia. Y en relación al segundo aspecto, se analizan las propuestas para producir un espacio de acción política común capaz de hacer posible la convergencia de las voluntades y la participación efectiva de los ciudadanos en los órganos e instituciones que la acción política común implica. En concreto, la fundamentación nacionalista de la identidad colectiva en el sentimiento de pueblo o nación, frente a su fundamentación tan sólo políticamente, en el sentido de estructura administrativa que gestiona y resuelve los objetivos comunes. Básicamente los románticos utilizan el término «pueblo» como sinónimo de comunidad «natural» de raza, lengua y cultura, lo cual es mucho más que entender la nacióncomo una entidad simplemente formada sobre la base de un contrato social y de una cohesión jurídicamente construida entre ciudadanos diferentes y heterogéneos entre sí. (shrink)

The university that Alasdair MacIntyre defines as liberal is that which rejects the tradition as something pre-modern and with an impediment for the progress, including the pedagogic one. This university model has been extended in all instances, giving priority to the technical education in a pragmatic way. Thus, the global and sapiential vision of the university has been relegated. This last approach is the key for unifying the knowledge and to pass it onto other people and, therefore, to educate and (...) mold intellectually and morally. However, the professionalization of the philosophy and the criteria of the modern liberalism seem to dominate and inspire most universities in the present day. This situation has plainly shown an inability to become aware of their incompetence to properly educate professors and students alike, in a sapiential and moral manner, threfore deceiving themselves with a naive rhetoric. (shrink)

Stroke continues to be a leading cause of disability. Basic neurorehabilitation research is necessary to inform the neuropathophysiology of impaired motor control, and to develop targeted interventions with potential to remediate disability post-stroke. Despite knowledge gained from basic research studies, the effectiveness of research-based interventions for reducing motor impairment has been no greater than standard of practice interventions. In this perspective, we offer suggestions for overcoming translational barriers integral to experimental design, to augment traditional protocols, and re-route the rehabilitation trajectory (...) toward recovery and away from compensation. First, we suggest that researchers consider modifying task practice schedules to focus on key aspects of movement quality, while minimizing the appearance of compensatory behaviors. Second, we suggest that researchers supplement primary outcome measures with secondary measures that capture emerging maladaptive compensations at other segments or joints. Third, we offer suggestions about how to maximize participant engagement, self-direction, and motivation, by embedding the task into a meaningful context, a strategy more likely to enable goal-action coupling, associated with improved neuro-motor control and learning. Finally, we remind the reader that motor impairment post-stroke is a multidimensional problem that involves central and peripheral sensorimotor systems, likely influenced by chronicity of stroke. Thus, stroke chronicity should be given special consideration for both participant recruitment and subsequent data analyses. We hope that future research endeavors will consider these suggestions in the design of the next generation of intervention studies in neurorehabilitation, to improve translation of research advances to improved participation and quality of life for stroke survivors. (shrink)

ABSTRACTWhile the emergence of a new scientific culture in 16th-century Europe is well known, the role of the actors of the Hispanic New World in this time of renewal of knowledge has long been judged marginal for two reasons: first, because the strong presence of the Inquisition in the Hispanic World has been considered by historians to have been an obstacle for research or scientific innovation; and second, because the discontinuity of the territories of the Hispanic Monarchy and the problem (...) of distances between Spain and the New World have long been interpreted in ways that suggest the marginality and peripheral status of the American colonies. However, some works counterbalance this dismissal and shed new light on the scientific activity of the Hispanic New World. This is the case with the treatise Arte de los Metales, by the secular priest Alvaro Alonso Barba, which would achieve remarkable fame and circulation, and would become a seminal work in the fields of metallurgy and mining until the mid-1700s. The article demonstrates that this treatise also presents ideas that can be traced back to a set of Paracelsian ideas combining alchemy, pharmacopoeia, and medicine, and studies specific examples of these ideas – the description of three fundamental substances as components of all matter, references to Epatica sulfuris, an oil capable of turning silver into gold and curing certain diseases; and the use of antimony – that together testify to the spread of the ideas of Basil Valentine and of Paracelsian influences. From this point of view, Arte de los Metales can be viewed as part of a tradition unexpectedly renewed by the author through many observations based on his own work in Peru and the discoveries he made thanks to alternative techniques. This demonstrates the richness and diversity of knowledge rooted in the New World, and links Alonso Barba’s scholarly activity to some of the great schools of thought that spanned the Early Modern European world. (shrink)

The present work is a contribution to the understanding of the sempiternal problem of the “burden of factor two” implied by sexual reproduction versus asexual one, as males are energy consumers not contributing to the production of offspring. We construct a deterministic mathematical model in population dynamics where a species enjoys both sexual and parthenogenetic capabilities of reproduction and lives on a limited resource. We then show how polygamy implies instability of a parthenogenetic population with a small number of sexually (...) born males. This instability implies evolution of the system towards an attractor involving both populations. We also exhibit the analogy with a parasite/host system. (shrink)

Visando contribuir com o debate sobre a qualidade da pesquisa educacional e de procurar critérios epistemológicos que favoreçam essa qualidade, retomamos algumas bases históricas e filosóficas sobre as diversas formas do conhecimento. O artigo apresenta justificativas sobre a importância da literatura clássica para compreender a problemática atual da produção do conhecimento. De acordo com a filosofia clássica grega, os critérios que diferenciam os saberes, tais como, o opinativo, a razão mítica, a episteme e a filosofia, hoje continuam válidos para abordar (...) os principais conflitos da pesquisa em educação, compreender os desafios da formação do pesquisador e definir a qualidade dessa pesquisa. (shrink)

O texto apresenta o debate sobre as correntes pós-modernas que repercutemna pesquisa em educação. Essas correntes tem seu fundamento no “giro linguístico”. Essas abordagens que criticam o racionalismo moderno, paradoxalmente, tem como base uma teoria do conhecimento. A polêmica entre as tendências da pesquisa torna-se mais radical e esclarecedora quando são recuperadas as teorias do conhecimento que as sustentam. Os pesquisadores perante esse quadro de correntes diversas não podem ignorar o jogo de concepções e pressupostos, que revelam os limites e (...) das implicações ideológicas dessas tendências. Essa necessária vigilância crítica poderá propiciar maior qualificação da pesquisa em educação.La ponencia presenta el debate sobre las corrientes post-modernas que influencian la investigación en educación. Esas corrientes tienen una matriz común basada en el "giro lingüístico". Eses abordajes que critican el racionalismo moderno, paradójicamente, tienen como base una teoría del conocimiento. La polémica entre las tendencias de la investigación es más radical y esclarecedora cuando se recuperan las teorías de conocimiento que les sirven de sustentación. Los investigadores ante el cuadro de diversas corrientes no pueden ignorar este juego de concepciones y supuestos, que revelan las limitaciones e implicaciones ideológicas de tales tendencias. Esa necesaria vigilancia crítica podrá favorecer una mayor cualificación de la investigación en educación. (shrink)

Este texto intenta comprender la naturaleza de la reflexión radical que debe ser la filosofía y cómo es diferente de una reflexión intelectualista o cartesiana. Mientras que la última se concibe como todopoderosa, capaz de constituir el mundo por sí sola, la reflexión radical reconoce, por el contrario, lo que está más acá de ella, es decir, la enorme zona carnal que Merleau-Ponty caracteriza como “objetivo previo” o “irreflexivo”. Solo entendiendo la reflexión radical como libertad, invención y apropiación del sentido, (...) parece resolverse la contradicción entre intelectualismo y conciencia encarnada, ello para dilucidar la fuerza de la fenomenología donde parece mostrar su debilidad, es decir, precisamente en el trabajo de comprensión del mundo en relación con la conciencia. Para este propósito se explora la obra de Merleau-Ponty, particularmente la Fenomenología de la percepción, en función de un análisis inmanente de los conceptos de percepción y libertad propios de consideraciones fenomenológicas del filósofo francés. Como conclusión de este análisis se deriva la posibilidad de comprender que dada la tendencia de la reflexión radical a tratar de transgredir sus límites, esta podría convertirse en una reflexión intelectualista o idealista, mientras que la libertad podría convertirse en un bloqueo en la experiencia adquirida, ello exigiría, entonces, que tanto la reflexión radical como la libertad se relacionen de manera continua y moderada en el mundo de la percepción para poder configurar una experiencia cualificada y no empobrecida del mundo. (shrink)

This article develops a phenomenological hermeneutics of the relationship between history, meaning, existence, and eternity, on the basis afforded by Jan Patocka’s philosophy of history. First, it outlines the notions of meaning and history. Second, it attempts to make clear the degree in which one can find in the constitution of human existence the condition of possibility for a problematic and concurrent meaning of history. Finally, “existence in truth” is analized as the result of a correlation between existentiality and eternity, (...) and the interpellation of eternity is understood as the ultimate origin of meaning. (shrink)

A través de los recursos esenciales de la semantica de los mundos posibles se comparan y relacionan, por un lado, la dimensión científica y filosófica, y por otro, la dimensión tecnica y la utópica, utilizándose para ello las relaciones entre composibilidad (o compatibilidad) y existencia, y entre el mundo actual, en el que opera la técnica, y mundos posibles, hacia los que se proyecta la utopía. En esta tarea resulta de interés prestar atención a la problematica clasica acerca de los (...) poliedros posibles e imposibles, en relación con el problema de la afectación, exclusión o ajuste de los “monstruos” de la lógica o de la razón.Through the essential means of the semantics of possible worlds, some dimensions are compared and related: firstly, the scientific and philosophical dimension, and secondly the technical and utopian dimension. For that purpose the relationship between compossibility (or compatibility) and existence are used as well as that between the real world, in which technique works, and possible worlds, towards utopia is oriented. In this task it is interesting to pay attention to the classic issue of possible and impossible polyhedrons, concerning affectation, exclusion or fitting of “monsters” of logic or of reason. (shrink)

A presente edição de Filosofia e Educação, a primeira de 2018, apresenta algumas novidades com relação às anteriores. A primeira delas é a mudança de datas na organização dos três números que correspondem a 2018, mantendo sua periodização quadrimestral. Esta edição que na sequência anterior correspondia aos meses de outubro-janeiro sofre um ajuste neste 1º número do décimo volume. Assim, a atual edição corresponde aos quatro primeiros meses de 2018. Na sequência, a 2ª edição deve corresponder aos meses de maio-agosto (...) e a 3ª aos meses de setembro-dezembro. (shrink)

Gràcies a l’aposta tecnològica de les societats actuals i també a la globalització que comporta, el moviment transhumanista, visiblement heterogeni, està començant a ser conegut a tot el globus terraqüi i a adquirir una enorme volada. Això no obstant, malgrat que la materialització de les fites transhumanistes només sigui possible en les societats postmodernes, l’origen del transhumanisme bé pot anar més enllà del que anomenem societat contemporània. En aquest article s’explora l’origen del transhumanisme partint de les tres hipòtesis següents: a) (...) el transhumanisme com un fenomen típicament postmodern; b) el transhumanisme com a herència de la tradició renaixentista secular; c) el transhumanisme com a tret identificatiu de la naturalesa humana. (shrink)

A questão do relacionamento entre a normatividade e valoração e sua incorporação no discurso racional é um dos problemas mais relevantes na filosofia contemporânea e é claramente desdobrada em todas as suas complexidades no debate paradigmático mantido entre Hilary Putnam e Jürgen Habermas durante a primeira década do século XXI. A partir dessas posições que reivindicam a tradição do pragmatismo americano, os filósofos discutem a objetividade dos juízos de valor e normativos defendendo, com diferenças significativas, uma posição cognitivista. A presente (...) contribuição aborda essa discussão com o propósito de apresentar o pragmatismo conceitualista de Clarence Irving Lewis como uma alternativa e posição profícua com os recursos para interagir com algumas das principais questões discutidas por Putnam e Habermas. Meu propósito é mostrar o modo como Lewis explica o caráter cognitivo das normas e valores enquanto sustenta, simultaneamente, uma demarcação significativa entre ambos os conceitos. Argumentarei que essa distinção é pragmática – não epistêmica –, e que isso permite ao pragmatista defender um cognitivismo que pode articular um naturalismo não reducionista referente aos valores com um conceito racionalista de normas, uma posição que pode evitar algumas das objeções que enfrentam Putnam e Habermas. (shrink)

RESUMENPese a su relevancia en el horizonte del exilio español de 1939, la obra filosófica de Eduardo Nicol (1907-2007) no ha sido estudiada aún con el detenimiento que merece. A lo largo de más de una docena de libros planteó toda una reforma de la razón filosófica, sensible a preocupaciones medulares de nuestro tiempo. Entre otras, la metafísica, cuya crisis contemporánea asumió; la ética, a la que imprimió un sentido dialógico y comunicativo; los límites y prejuicios de la ciencia; o (...) la reflexión hispanista.PALABRAS CLAVEFILOSOFÍA HISPÁNICA, METAFÍSICA, ÉTICA, CIENCIAABSTRACTIn spite of their relevance in the horizon of the Spanish exile of 1939, the philosophical work of Eduardo Nicol (1907-2007) has not still been studied with the thoroughness that deserves. Along more than a dozen of books it outlined an entire reformation of the philosophical reason, sensitive to medullary concerns of our time. Among other, the metaphysics, whose contemporary crisis assumed; the ethics, to which endued a dialogical and communicative sense; the limits and prejudices of the science; or the hispanist reflection.KEY WORDSSPANISH PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ETHICS, SCIENCE. (shrink)

Los argumentos tradicionales contrarios a la disponibilidad de la propia vida conservan alguna fuerza: en algunas sociedades, el intento de suicidio se considera todavía un delito y la colaboración —o complicidad— sigue siendo igualmente una conducta delictiva. No obstante, en los últimos años se ha llevado a cabo un creciente reconocimiento del llamado “derecho a una muerte digna”. De todos modos, ese derecho soporta ciertas condiciones que lo convierten, a mi entender, más en un eslogan pegadizo y engañoso que en (...) un derecho claramente consolidado y reconocido. En el presente artículo intentaré explicar diversos argumentos a favor y en contra de la libre disponibilidad de la propia vida formulados a lo largo de la historia del pensamiento occidental. Posteriormente, trataré de demostrar que la libre disposición de la propia vida encuentra demasiadas restricciones en España y que en algunas de ellas subyacen principios extraseculares impropios de una sociedad democrática, pluricultural y secular como la nuestra. (shrink)

In this article, we focus on the link between the new populisms and the crisis of neoliberal capitalism, as well as its post-democratic forms of governance, in the context of digital politics and its social effects, such as the intense polarisation of public life or the distrust of citizens towards traditional forms of politics. Brexit is a paradigmatic case that encapsulates all of these problems and prompts us to think about how philosophy can challenge the way we understand contemporary political (...) coordinates, modes of socialisation, or democratic action. The weakness of our deliberative democracies and the undermining of the bonds, interaction, and decision-making within our civil society seem to have found a compensatory function in the digital world. By carrying out a philosophical-political and film analysis of Brexit: The Uncivil War ; we would like to focus specifically on how digital media foster the conditions for the success of a populist moment like Brexit. (shrink)

El estado actual de competición en el espacio exterior sitúa a las capacidades estratégicas espaciales de los países en el objetivo de la planificación estratégica de todos ellos. Los organismos internacionales están cobrando conciencia de la necesidad de proteger los activos espaciales ante un creciente número de amenazas, lo que requerirá de un esfuerzo adicional en cuanto a medios para mitigar sus efectos. La aproximación entre el espacio y la defensa, para poder actuar en este nuevo escenario, propicia la participación (...) de los organismos de defensa y seguridad y exige a los Estados el aporte de esta dimensión de defensa que se requiere para ello. España, tanto a través del Ministerio de Defensa como en otras iniciativas que requieren de su concurrencia, está preparada para contribuir a esta llamada desde la OTAN, Unión Europea y Naciones Unidas, con los medios disponibles y las medidas que su contexto país le permitan. (shrink)

Este escrito se propone valorar las razones por las que Arendt rechaza al amor como fuente de actividad política, al considerarla más bien una pasión que impide a los seres humanos atender al mundo común. Propongo con este fin abrir un diálogo entre Arendt y algunas voces del movimiento negro por los derechos civiles y del feminismo afroamericano del siglo XX. La intención principal es identificar algunos puntos ciegos del análisis del amor de Arendt a la luz de las aportaciones (...) de autores como James Baldwin, Frantz Fanon, Audre Lorde y bell hooks. Este diálogo incide en la potencialidad política de la corporalidad y de las emociones para generar nuevos marcos de convivencia civil en sociedades históricamente golpeadas por la violencia racial, pues ambas muestran dimensiones de transformación reveladoras para una revisión normativa del derecho universal a la agencia política. (shrink)